Steel 1018 vs 4140: Low Carbon vs Alloy Steel for CNC

1018 is the economical choice for low-stress parts with easy machinability and weldability. 4140 provides significantly higher strength and through-hardenability for demanding applications like shafts and gears.

Side-by-Side Property Comparison

PropertyCarbon Steel 1018Alloy Steel 4140
Tensile Strength440 MPa (64 ksi)655 MPa (95 ksi)
Yield Strength370 MPa (54 ksi)415 MPa (60 ksi)
Hardness126 HB197 HB
Density7.87 g/cm³7.85 g/cm³
Machinability Rating78/10066/100
Thermal Conductivity51.9 W/m·K42.6 W/m·K
Melting Point1,480–1,526 °C1,416–1,460 °C
Tolerance±0.01 mm±0.01 mm

Key Differences

PropertyCarbon Steel 1018Alloy Steel 4140Winner
Tensile Strength440 MPa655 MPaAlloy
Machinability78/10066/100Carbon
WeldabilityExcellentGood (preheat needed)Carbon
HardenabilityCase onlyThrough-hardenableAlloy
Cost~$0.50/lb~$1.00/lbCarbon
Fatigue StrengthModerateExcellentAlloy

Which Material Should You Choose?

Choose Carbon Steel 1018 when:

  • Low-stress structural parts
  • Pins, spacers, and fixtures
  • Parts requiring welding
  • Case-hardened components
  • Budget-conscious projects
View Details Carbon Steel 1018

Choose Alloy Steel 4140 when:

  • High-strength shafts and gears
  • Toolholders and collets
  • Oil and gas components
  • Through-hardened parts
  • Fatigue-critical components
View Details Alloy Steel 4140

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